Population and community ecology seeks to understand the complex dynamics and spatial patterning of populations and of entire assemblages of multiple species across diverse environments and regions. Approaches include theoretical explorations along with experimental and observational studies at scales from laboratory flasks to entire regions of the globe. Populations are dynamic entities. Their size and composition fluctuate in response to numerous factors, including seasonal and yearly changes in the environment, natural disasters such as forest fires and volcanic eruptions, and competition for resources between and within species. The statistical study of populations is called demography: a set of mathematical tools designed to describe populations and investigate how they change. Many of these tools were actually designed to study human populations. For example, life tables, which detail the life expectancy of individuals within a population, were initially developed by life insurance companies to set insurance rates. In fact, while the term “demographics” is sometimes assumed to mean a study of human populations, all living populations can be studied using this approach.
Sanjay Sheoran Assistant Professor Department of Zoology Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University Jind (Haryana).
Deepak Rai Babbar Chairperson Department Of Zoology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra (Haryana).
Suresh Kumar (H.O.D) Department Of Zoology. CRM JAT PG College Hisar (Haryana).
UNIT-I
1. Basic Concepts of Population and Community Ecology
2. Organisational Level of Ecological System, Ecological Aspects of Abiotic, Biotic, and Edaphic Factors, Limiting Factors
3. Ecosystem: Concept, Kinds and Components
4. Ecological Energetic and Energy Flow
UNIT-II
5. Restoration Ecology
6. Population Characteristics
UNIT-III
7. Population Regulation and Interactions
8. Competition and Niche Theory
UNIT-IV
9. Predation
10. Community Characteristics
11. Ecological Impact Assessment
Bibliography
Index
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