The tribals have their own history of migration. In pre-British period, the migration process has been started because these tribals did not have decent income at the place of origin through which they could sustain their livelihood. Earlier, they were mainly dependent on agriculture and food or food product was shared among the community. Why the study was undertaken The tribal migrants have been taken for the study because of the sudden increase in the number of tribal migration from their rural settlement to other metropolitan states, be it for better education, livelihood, and transfer or for a better quality of life. Tribal migration has increased tremendously from 1980 onwards. The migration among the youth has seen an increase in the recent past. This migration have been determined by a number of factors but mainly the need to pursue higher studies and better employment prospects is the common factor as the place of origin does not offer good employment opportunities. For most part of the Northeast, the sudden increase in the migration among the youth may be seen in terms of the socio-political unrest in the region. With respect to migration, Comparing the 55th round (1999-2000) and 64th round (2007-08) data, the migration rate for the STs in rural areas reveals that the rate of migration of males has decreased from 56 to 47 (per 1000 persons) whereas that of females has increased from 357 to 440 (per 1000 persons). Thus, when a large scale migration takes place there is a lot of issue which the migrant population/ community have to take into account and one such issue is that of health. Health or good health is necessary to be able to continue working. Studies (WHO, 2008; IOM, 2013) have found that the health status of migrant workers deteriorate in the destination area as they do not take proper care of themselves and inhuman working condition further worsen their health. There is a large scale migration among the tribals of both Manipur and Jharkhand to other states such as Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, and Kolkata for better quality of life. Delhi receives the highest proportion of tribal migrants. The migration among the tribal youth in both the study area has seen a sudden spurt. The migrated youth prefer to stay in an area which is mostly run-down and densely populated as the living cost is cheaper, but such an area then make them experience discrimination. This particular study has been taken out of the need to better understand the social context of health risk and protection/care for the tribal migrants. Today the tribal population especially the tribal migrant presents a major challenge to public health in terms of misconception regarding seeking health care and the lack of infrastructure to meet the needs. The study also helped to evaluate the dynamics of the increased tribal migration and analyze the unique characteristics of tribal migration to provide the policy makers with appropriate and authentic information thereb
Prof. Rose Nembiakkim is Professor of Social Work, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). She has worked as an adjunct faculty in the Department of Social Work, Delhi University before joining IGNOU. She has been awarded the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) and Doctorate degree in Social Medicine and Community Health from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Her interest lies in Adolescent and youth, Women and gender issues, HIV and AIDS, Indigenous/ tribal issues and Community Development. She also coordinated the Pan-Africa e-Network project for the School of Social Work which is the Government of India-MEA Initiative for the African country. Prof. Nembiakkim launched the Certificate in Tribal Studies (CTRBS); through distance mode and online mode and has organized a number of training programmes in and around the country; presented papers in National and International conferences and written chapters in books and has authored two books. She has been awarded the Commonwealth of Learning fellowship to attend the 32nd Asian Association of Open University Conference. Prof. Nembiakkim is also the recipient of the Fulbright-Nehru IEAS fellowship-2019,
Gurupada Saren is working as Assistant Professor (Rural Development) , School of Continuing Education, IGNOU, New Delhi. He had completed his MA in Social Work from Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) and Ph.D. in Sociology from Burdwan University, West Bengal. To his credit more than 14 years of teaching exprerinces and 7 years of practioners in the areas of development setors. At present under his guidance 04 research scholars doing Ph.D in the areas of Rural Development. He presented many papers in various national and international seminars and conferences. He has published articles in various journals, edited books in national and international repute. He has authored a book on "Seasonal Migration and Tribal Identity". His area of interest include tribal migration, tribal development, rural development, Self Help Group (SHGs), rural entrepreneurship, tribal social work etc. Dr. Saren has also completed one minor project from Govt of India and one major project from ICSSR.
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