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Dr. Ravinder Singh is an Assistant Professor at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. He holds a Ph.D. in Life Sciences from Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar. Dr. Singh is a distinguished academic with multiple national-level qualifications including ICAR-NET, GATE, and the UGC-BSR Fellowship. His research expertise lies in stress biology, molecular biology, and environmental biotechnology. He has contributed extensively to scientific literature through the publication of book chapters, review articles, and research papers in reputed international journals. He has also authored and edited several books in the field of life sciences and biotechnology. Dr. Singh is committed to advancing knowledge in plant biology and mentoring young scientists in the field of biotechnology and life sciences. Dr. Meenakshi Singh is an Assistant Professor at MMIMSR, Mullana, with a Ph.D. in Gastroenterology (Microbiology) from PGIMER, Chandigarh. Her research focused on the microbiological and molecular characterization of Clostridium difficile. She has published 20 papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals and serves as a reviewer for several scientific journals. Her work emphasizes microbial pathogenesis and infectious diseases. With 6 years of teaching experience, she specializes in medical microbiology, immunology, and infectious diseases. Dr. Meenakshi is dedicated to creating a dynamic academic environment for medical and paramedical students. Dr. Ashwani Kumar, Assistant Professor and Placement Coordinator at Chandigarh University since March 2022, holds a Ph.D. and dual Master’s degrees (M.Sc. and M.Tech.) in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. He qualified GATE in 2011 and has expertise in NGS data analysis, molecular docking, simulations, and scripting in Unix and Python. He has published in reputed SCI and Scopus-indexed international journals. Dr. Kumar is a Life Member of Bioclues and has prior research experience at CSIR-IHBT and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. His research areas include genomic variant analysis, k-mer motif discovery, and structure-based drug screening. He brings strong academic and technical skills to bioinformatics research and teaching. Mr. Syed Ali Abbas is a Ph.D. Scholar at Chandigarh University with over 7 years of research experience in the field of biotechnology. He holds an M.Sc. in Biotechnology from Bharti Vidyapeeth University, Pune. His academic contributions include the publication of book chapters, review articles, and research papers in reputed national and international journals. His research interests span molecular biology, microbial biotechnology, and applied life sciences. Syed is dedicated to contributing to the scientific community through innovative research and impactful publications.
Preface Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Structure and Function of Nucleus Chapter 3 Extranuclear Genome Chapter 4 Structure and Function of other Organelles Chapter 5 Chromosome Organization Chapter 6 The Cell Envelopes Chapter 7 DNA the Genetic Material Chapter 8 Cell Division Chapter 9 Genetic Inheritance Chapter 10 Genetic Variations Bibliography Index